Originally posted by Justcoding.com as written by me... Enjoy!
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Documentation; Diagnoses and CPT: difficult choices…….
August 11, 2016
Coding in the outpatient realm can be a challenge. One of the areas that coders struggle with is
when there are two or more choices for similar procedures. This creates a dilemma for the coder, as the
documentation and diagnoses attached to those codes can mean a huge difference
to the practice, or physician in terms of reimbursement based upon the RVU
values. In some instances, this could
also mean that the choices presented in CPT may not be well represented, and
the coder is then faced with the decision to go with a code that is
"close", or do they choose an "unlisted" code, then have to
figure out how to "price" it for payment and still get the
provider/physician good reimbursement. However, when coding with the ICD-10pcs for
hospital services, it is much more clear-cut and straightforward, than those
codes for physician based services that are coded from CPT.
Within the CPT code-set there are many options to code
from especially when it comes to codes and procedures that can be used from the
integumentary system and/or from one of the specialty organ system
chapters. Outlined below, some of the codes
in the integumentary section of the CPT book , (codes 15830 – 15839) some payers have "tagged" these codes as
being not medically necessary and or cosmetic based procedures. However, the CPT definition states nothing in
relation to that assumption of that in the coding guidelines. The codes of 15830 – 15839 the base code of
15830 states "excision, excessive skin and subcutaneous tissue (includes
lipectomy); abdomen, infraumbilcal panniculectomy .
If you compare and contrast the CPT procedure codes of
15839 and 56620, it is clear how difficult coding choices are, if the
documentation is not clear, or the physician has not included or “tied
together” a straightforward diagnosis and medical necessity for the surgical
procedure.
15839
56620
|
excision excessive skin&subq tissue other area
simple vulvectomy
(Note Work RVU only)
|
RVU = 10.50
RVU = 08.44
|
The lay descriptions for codes 15830-15839 is
“The physician removes excessive
skin and subcutaneous tissue (including lipectomy). In 15830, the physician makes an incision traversing
the abdomen below the belly button in a horizontal fashion. Excessive skin and
subcutaneous tissue are elevated off the abdominal wall and excess tissue and
fat are excised. The flaps are brought together and sutured in at least three
layers. The physician may also suture the rectus abdominis muscles together in
the midline to reinforce the area. Report 15832 for removal of excess skin and
subcutaneous tissue on the thigh; 15833 for the leg; 15834 for the hip; 15835
for the buttock; 15836 for the arm; 15837 for the forearm or hand; 15838 for
the submental fat pad (inferior to the chin); and 15839 for any other area.”
The Lay description for code 56620 is
“The physician removes part or
all of the vulva to treat premalignant or malignant lesions. A simple complete
vulvectomy includes removal of all of the labia majora, labia minora, and
clitoris, while a simple, partial vulvectomy may include removal of part or all
of the labia majora and labia minora on one side and the clitoris. The
physician examines the lower genital tract and the perianal skin through a
colposcope. In 56620, a wide semi-elliptical incision that contains the
diseased area is made. ….”
Now to compare and contrast what happens in the real
world of coding, take a look at a case study of the CPT code 15839 and CPT code
56620 vulvectomy simple;partial. As you can see the work RVU for the code 15839
is more than the code for the 56620.
Case study comparison:
History: Patient presents with
labial hypertrophy (congenital) and wishes to have a labiaplasty to even up
both sides of the labia. Patient reports
tearing due to excessive length on the left side, excessive skin gets caught in
clothing, and is uncomfortable when sitting for long periods of time, or
becomes irritated due to her clothing.
Upon examination patient has a class 3 hypertrophy, involving the
clitoral hood. ICD-10cm diagnosis =
N90.6 Hypertrophy of vulva; Hypertrophy of labia. The physician and patient formally decide to
do a labiaplasty as an outpatient procedure . The physician schedules the
surgery and performs a labiaplasty.
Procedure: The risks, benefits,
indications and alternatives of the procedure were discussed with the patient
and informed consent was signed. The patient was then taken to the procedure room
and prepped and draped in the usual sterile fashion. The labia and clitoris
were then marked using the marking pen to the patient's specifications. The perineal area was infiltrated first with
the creation of a small bleb followed by infiltration of the labia majora up to
the clitoris on the left side. The labia minora was then infiltrated along the
lines of demarcation. It was then
clamped using Heaney clamps and the tissue excised. The clamped tissue was then
cauterized using a single tip Bovie. Excellent
hemostasis was confirmed. The clitoral hood was then trimmed using scissors.
The exposed tissue of clitoral hood and labia were re-approximated using 3-0
Monoderm. Excellent hemostasis was
noted. This completed the procedure. The patient tolerated the procedure and
was discharged home in stable condition.
Tissue sent to Pathology – no neoplasm noted, no abnormalities noted.
In the above scenario, the coder is confused regarding
which code to use, and queries to provider.
The physician responds to the
query and states CPT code 15839 with dx code N90.6 is the procedure and DX that
should be billed. The physician also
responded back to the coder, that he did not feel that he performed a “simple
vulvectomy” because only a minimal portion of the labia was involved, as the
tissue that was removed was not diseased or compromised by lesions, or other
symtoms, as borne out by the pathology report. He stated this was simply a congenital
abnormality of one side was “longer” than the other.
A few weeks later, the coder then has another labiaplasty
operative report, from the same physician,
however this one is for a patient who has an ongoing issue with
syringoma of the vulva (as borne out by pathology biopsy) In this operative scenario, the coder chose
to code the 56620, as this was clearly a disease process.
Operative Report: Patient
had previous biopsy for syringoma(confirmed) D28.0 Benign neoplasm of vulva. The labia has become enlarged and patient
opted for removal as it was becoming bothersome and growing at a rapid
rate.
Findings: three 5 mm
intradermal lesions on the patients left labia and two 3mm intradermal lesions
on the patients’ right laboria majora approximately 2 cm posterior to the
clitoris.
Procedure: The patient was
taken to the operating room with an IV in place. MAC anesthesia was begun. Pt placed in lithotomy position, prepped and
draped. Area was previously identified
and marked with marking pen. Two small
elliptical incisions approximately 3cm were made on either side of the
lesions. A 15 blade was used to make an
incision. The lesions were excised from
the underlying tissue . Incisions were
sewn back totether with running subcuticular stiched with 3-0 vicryl. The patient tolerated the procedure and was
discharged home in stable condition.
Tissue sent to Pathology – confirmed all lesions were denoted as
syringoma.
If the coder were coding for this procedure in ICD-10 pcs
it is much more straightforward, as the code would be OUBMXZZ, where as with CPT,
it is subjective between diseased tissues and normal tissues.
Another coding and billing issue that these two codes
(15839 and 56620) can present, is code 15839 has a larger RVU, and could be
billed as a bilateral procedure, which would have a higher financial
reimbursement, than the 56620 code, which cannot be billed as a bilateral
procedure and has a lower RVU value attached.
Therefore, the coder must make sure that the code choice for billing is
based purely upon documentation and physician notation reflected in the
operative reports, and not based upon obtaining a higher reimbursement strictly
for financial purposes.
OB/GYN is not the only specialty where this type of issue
is found. Coding for the excision of
soft tissue tumors are found in the
musculoskeletal section of CPT. A soft
tissue tumor, such as a lipoma that is in the subfascial, or subcutaneous
area should be coded to the musculoskeletal section with the code range of 22900
– 22905. Whereas, if the lesion is a sebaceous cyst, the code
choice should be from the 11400-11406 integumentary codes. If the diagnosis is a melanoma of the skin,
it might be more appropriate to use 11600-11606 for a radical resection. If the tumors are intra-abdominal (not
cutaneous or musculoskeletal) then the codes 49203 – 49205 would be more
appropriate.
Again, this is where the coder needs to truly understand
the anatomy of “what” was excised, “where” it was excised, and the pathology of
the tissue or masses/lesions that were excised.
The physician is responsible for documenting clearly the diagnosis, the
procedure and medical necessity. This
also includes “connecting” the pathological findings back to the operative
notes. Good clinical and operative
documentation is imperative for the coder/biller, the medical record
documentation, the payer/insurance carrier and the patient. The coder has the ethical and moral
obligation to code what is documented without regard to financial gain. With this in mind, the coder also needs to be
aware that CPT has many surgical codes that “overlap” or are very similar. As a coding practice standard, all coding
possibilities should be reviewed carefully, then code based upon the clinical
documentation.
If you are in doubt, query the provider! Many coders rely on the old adage of “if it
wasn’t documented, it wasn’t done”.
This type of coding should no longer be the rule of thumb or status
quo. If the clinical documentation
denotes a service/ procedure was performed,(but poorly documented) it is well
worth the time to investigate, confirm, and/or have the operative record
amended by the provider, then coded and billed with accuracy. If the insurance carriers deny your coding/billing
as a “cosmetic” procedure, and the clinical documentation supports true medical
necessity (not just convenience for the patient) be sure to appeal and provide
the substantiating medical records to support your coding.
Lori-Lynne A. Webb, CPC, CCS-P, CCP, CHDA, COBGC
and ICD10 cm/pcs Ambassador/trainer is an E&M, and Procedure based Coding,
Compliance, Data Charge entry and HIPAA Privacy specialist, with over 20 years
of experience. Lori-Lynne’s coding
specialty is OB/GYN office & Hospitalist Services, Maternal Fetal Medicine,
OB/GYN Oncology, Urology, and general surgical coding. She can be reached via e-mail at webbservices.lori@gmail.com or you
can also find current coding information on her blog site: http://lori-lynnescodingcoachblog.blogspot.com/.